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Showing posts with label Chemistry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chemistry. Show all posts

Thursday, July 5, 2018

Energy Levels of atomic orbit | Hydrogen like (single electron) vs multi electrons atom |

Chemistry , physics
Energy Levels of atomic orbit | Hydrogen like (single electron) vs multi electrons atom |
hey, visitors so here is a problem or i can say difference between single electron atom like hydrogen (H) He+ ,Li++ and other multi atoms like sulphur carbon.. take any of d-block

the energy levels differ in both cases and we will find out why !


the basic difference stand here is why bohr's model fails for multi-atoms ?

 because of the heisenberg uncertainty principle & the splitting orbital (the factor of today's case)

the splitting happen due to the repulsion of electrons and the difference between hydrogen and other multi-atom i also.

 


lets first start with hydrogen. 
 the energy chart of hydrogen like atom orbitals



2s energy level is similar to 2p and 3d < 4s but if this is true then why d-block elements or any heavy atom violate this kind of filling?

the answer is because they follow afbau principle  'building up' as we all know the electron filling happen from lower to higher energy levels


the energy chart of filling in multi- electron atoms.
CONCLUSION:
confused don't  be in hydrogen or hydrogen like atoms there is only one force acting the positive charge of nucleus  that's why the difference between orbit and orbital is insignificant for hydrogen like atoms and 3d < 4s while in multi-atoms the repulsion of electrons are also present that makes big orbitals like d-orbital higly unstable. therefore the energy of 3d orbital is higher then 4s for multi atoms.  alright i hope you all got it :) :) !

keep visiting !

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Friday, June 22, 2018

The Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry | Get Rid From Learning | Part 1

Chemistry ,
The Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry | Get Rid From Learning | Part 1
Hey There readers i am not guarantying you that you will become a great chemist after reading the article but the article is based on the fundamentals of the inorganic chemistry so you will be able to understand it upto some extent and then it's just practice and some bit you have to memories the results so let's get started.




The Inorganic chemistry deals with few basic fundamental reaction types and compounds like Oxides,Acids,Bases &Salts. let's start with types of reaction.



                                                                     Note...!!!!
Carefully Read The Article and then go back to s-block,p-block reactions you will be able to understand the reactions there.

A.TYPES OF REACTIONS:


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1.Combination Reactions: 

A + B = C 

We all know about it  with general example of 

C + O2 ----> CO2 

Either A or B or both should be in elemental form for such reaction to be redox.

 
2.Decomposition Reactions:


opposit of combination reaction with few things to note !!

CaCO3 ----> CaO + CO2

1.This reaction is reversible and generally the prepration of calcium carbonate & calcium oxide (quick lime) which releases a great amount of co2 in the atmosphere

2.The reaction is not a redox reaction neither it's reverse since CaO &CO2 both are not in elemental form which is require for combination reaction.

Important: different element shows different kind of decomposition Li (lithium) nitrate 

LiNO3 ---->  2Li2O + 4NO2 + O2

While (Na to Cs)

  decompose to give following nitrite
 Now see S-Block
  

3.Displacement Reactions: 


 

X + YZ = XZ + Y

generally a metaluugical reaction also used in electrochemistry also the fundametal of most reactions.


The reaction of metals with mineral acid  the metal &non-metal displacement

1.Reaction with Mineral acid: HCl

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2(g)

while Au (gold) Ag(silver) do not react with hydrochloric acid


2.Metal &Non-Metal displacement:
Metal 
CuSO4 + Zn ---> Cu + ZnSO4 

Non-metal
All alkali metals with some alkaline earth metals  (Ca,Sr &Ba) are very good reductants which displace hydrogen even from cold water

                                                         Ca + 2H20 --> Ca(OH)2 + H2              


                                                           4.Disproportionation reaction:

unstable or the compound which are not in highest oxidation state disproportionate into stable form
 
 
                                              4H3PO3 ------------> 3H3PO4 + PH3

 H3po3 in which phosphorus has the oxidation state of +3 disproportionate into higher and lower        oxidation state +5 and -3 this is the general criteria of dispoportionation.


some facts of dispoportionation reaction:

1. Fluorine cannot exhibit + oxidation state hence it does not show a disproportionation tendency

2. In the following oxo-chloride ClO(-) , ClO2(-),ClO3(-) & ClO4(-)

ClO4(-) does not disproportionate because the oxo anion chlorine is in highest state (+7)

while 

                                            ClO2- (+3) ----> 4ClO3- (+5) + 2Cl- (-1)

                                                     ClO3(-) will break in +7 &-1

                                    so that's it for today will post a second part soon 

i hope this post help u all in some extent after reading the article go and see your s-p block reactions it will work i hope you all like it keep visiting keep exploring !!

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