The Cosmomechanics

Decoding the nature with mathematics &Studying the life of greats !

Showing posts with label physics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label physics. Show all posts

Thursday, July 5, 2018

Energy Levels of atomic orbit | Hydrogen like (single electron) vs multi electrons atom |

Chemistry , physics
Energy Levels of atomic orbit | Hydrogen like (single electron) vs multi electrons atom |
hey, visitors so here is a problem or i can say difference between single electron atom like hydrogen (H) He+ ,Li++ and other multi atoms like sulphur carbon.. take any of d-block

the energy levels differ in both cases and we will find out why !


the basic difference stand here is why bohr's model fails for multi-atoms ?

 because of the heisenberg uncertainty principle & the splitting orbital (the factor of today's case)

the splitting happen due to the repulsion of electrons and the difference between hydrogen and other multi-atom i also.

 


lets first start with hydrogen. 
 the energy chart of hydrogen like atom orbitals



2s energy level is similar to 2p and 3d < 4s but if this is true then why d-block elements or any heavy atom violate this kind of filling?

the answer is because they follow afbau principle  'building up' as we all know the electron filling happen from lower to higher energy levels


the energy chart of filling in multi- electron atoms.
CONCLUSION:
confused don't  be in hydrogen or hydrogen like atoms there is only one force acting the positive charge of nucleus  that's why the difference between orbit and orbital is insignificant for hydrogen like atoms and 3d < 4s while in multi-atoms the repulsion of electrons are also present that makes big orbitals like d-orbital higly unstable. therefore the energy of 3d orbital is higher then 4s for multi atoms.  alright i hope you all got it :) :) !

keep visiting !

Read more »
By at No comments:
Labels: ,

Tuesday, June 19, 2018

Measuring Earth's radius in greek style || Maths+Sun rays

Curious Fact , Mathematics
Measuring Earth's radius in greek style || Maths+Sun rays
Here we go today i am going to explain How To Measure Earth's radius ? 

you just need a mountain & stop watch  don't able to afford a mountain alright just know the distance between two cities confused by the end of the article you will be able to understand everything just relaxed. So let's get started

Around the time 275BC there lived a greek Mathematician by the name of Eratosthenes born in cyrene (Modern day Libya).

 


So How Eratosthenes calculated earth's radius ?

Eratosthenes calculated the distance by the help of knowing the distance between two cities of egypt syene & Alexandria which is about 500 stadia (~ 800km) approx. from each other &these assumptions.

1.Syene is at the tropic of cancer (sun rays straight overhead)
2.The earth is a perfect sphere
3. The alexandria is due north of syene
4.The sun rays coming to earth are parallel


so 7/360 is equals to 800km of the circumference.

By this Eratosthenes able to calculate The circumference hence The radius of earth.

Which was not accurate at that time later other mathematician were able to calculate it.

Fun Fact you can see the sun rise 2 times if you are lying on a beach and suddenly sun started coming into the horizon just pop up frequently you will see the sun rise again !!

At the end Thank you Eratosthenes (276-194) BC and thanks for reading !!

Read more »
By at No comments:
Labels: , ,

Monday, June 18, 2018

Science Behind Pikachu's Thunderbolt explained !!

Curious Fact , Electromagnetism
Science Behind Pikachu's Thunderbolt explained !!
When i was a lil kid back in early 20's and pokemon was my fav toon at that time. I was younger then i want my own pokemons like Ash but then i was told these are imaginary toons they don't exist in real life. 
but some how can this be possible the thunderbolt attack of pikachu makes any sense ?
the answer is yes even there are some creature's in nature that show similarity to it.



Q.Why pikachu don't get electrocuted ?? 


Q. How pikachu manage to produce such large amount of current?

Pikachu performing Thunderbolt


Let's leave pikachu for a while and concentrate on a creature that exist in real life and performs thunderbolt by itself i am talking about the electric eel

The question's are same ? How ?


this topic is now going to be explained by The concept of electrical circuit, so let's do some physics

Electric eel in Amazon





Some data's

1.Electrical eel's are able to generate current with biological cells called electroplaques which are physiological emf devices.

2. Each electroplaque has an emf of 0.15V & internal resistance (r) of 0.25 ohm

3.The water surrounding it has an resistance R = 800 ohm

4.The body of eel have 5000+ rows and 100+ column 140 in this case



As you see it is making itself a circuit.

Total emf of the row

Emf (E) = 5000X0.15V =750V

The total resistance along the row is the sum of the internal resistance of 5000 electroplaques

R(row) = 5000X0.25ohm = 1250ohm

Now the total resistance between  the tail &head is
Now circuit in parallel
R(eq) = 140/R(row) = 1250/140 = 8.93 ohm

now applying Kirchhoff's second law of close loop counter clockwise to find the current produced

1.E(row) - iR(water) - iR(eq) = 0

i = E(row)/R(water) + R(eq) = 750/800=8.93 = 0.93 A

This much overall current is generated by eel !!!!


since all the rows are identical, the current into and out is eventually divided among them 

i(row) = i/140 = 0.927/140 = 0.0066 A

2.which is very feeble current hence the eel don't feel any kind of shock itself.
the same concept can be applied in case of pikachu small pores generate current from identicals row's which get summed into massive thunderbolt.

guys i tried my level best to explain this so if you find it hard you need a good concept of kirchhoff's law and circuit i will create a pdf on it to explain you all in details soon.






Read more »
By at No comments:
Labels: , ,

BLOGWALKING!